Colorado’s pristine waters offer anglers a diverse array of fish species to catch and enjoy. From mountain streams to expansive reservoirs, the state’s fishing opportunities are as varied as its landscape. Anglers can target rainbow trout, lake trout, and other prized catches in over 2,000 lakes and reservoirs across Colorado.

The best fish to catch and eat in Colorado include rainbow trout, brown trout, and kokanee salmon, known for their delicious flavor and abundance in the state’s waters. These species thrive in Colorado’s cold, clean waters and provide both a rewarding fishing experience and a tasty meal. Rainbow trout, in particular, are widely distributed throughout the state and are a favorite among local and visiting anglers alike.

Colorado’s fishing season offers year-round opportunities, with peak months typically being May, June, September, and October. Anglers often find success in the early morning or late evening when water temperatures are cooler. Popular fishing spots include the Blue River near Silverthorne, known for its excellent fly fishing, and numerous Gold Medal waters designated for their exceptional trout populations and angling potential.

Colorado’s Fish Species

Colorado’s waterways host a diverse array of fish species, offering anglers varied fishing experiences. From cold-water trout to warm-water game fish, the state’s rivers, lakes, and reservoirs teem with opportunities for both novice and experienced fishermen.

Rainbow Trout

Rainbow trout are widely distributed across Colorado’s waters. These fish thrive in cool, clear streams and lakes, making them a popular target for fly fishing enthusiasts. Rainbow trout typically feature a pinkish stripe along their sides and dark spots covering their bodies.

Anglers can find rainbow trout in many of Colorado’s Gold Medal Waters, which are known for their high-quality fishing. These fish often respond well to both artificial flies and lures, as well as natural baits like worms and salmon eggs.

The Colorado Parks and Wildlife regularly stocks rainbow trout in various water bodies to maintain healthy populations for anglers to enjoy.

Brown Trout

Brown trout, introduced to Colorado in the late 19th century, have established themselves as a prized catch. These fish prefer cooler waters and are often found in streams with plenty of cover, such as undercut banks and fallen trees.

Anglers targeting brown trout should note their tendency to be more active during low light conditions, making dawn and dusk prime fishing times. Brown trout are known for their wariness, presenting a challenge that many experienced anglers relish.

Fly fishing with streamers or nymphs can be particularly effective for catching brown trout, especially in deeper pools and runs.

Cutthroat Trout

The cutthroat trout, Colorado’s state fish, includes several subspecies native to the region. The Colorado River cutthroat trout, in particular, is a species of special concern due to habitat loss and competition from introduced species.

These fish are characterized by their distinctive red or orange slash marks under their lower jaws. Cutthroat trout often inhabit high mountain streams and lakes, preferring cold, clean water.

Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring cutthroat trout habitats. Anglers targeting these fish should be aware of specific regulations designed to protect native populations.

Brook Trout

Brook trout, though not native to Colorado, have become well-established in many of the state’s high-altitude streams and lakes. These fish are known for their beautiful coloration, featuring dark green backs with distinctive light worm-like markings.

Anglers often find brook trout in small, cold streams where they can outcompete other trout species. They tend to be smaller than other trout species but can be caught in good numbers.

Fly fishing with small dry flies or nymphs is an effective method for catching brook trout, especially in smaller streams and beaver ponds.

Lake Trout

Lake trout, also known as mackinaw, are the largest trout species found in Colorado. They inhabit deep, cold lakes and reservoirs across the state. Lake trout can grow to impressive sizes, with some specimens exceeding 30 pounds.

Anglers targeting lake trout often use trolling techniques with deep-diving lures or downriggers. Ice fishing for lake trout is also popular on many of Colorado’s frozen lakes during winter months.

Lake trout feed primarily on other fish, making large streamers and baitfish imitations effective lures for catching these predators.

Kokanee Salmon

Kokanee salmon, a landlocked form of sockeye salmon, have been introduced to many Colorado reservoirs. These fish provide a unique fishing opportunity, especially during their fall spawning runs when they turn bright red.

Trolling with small lures or flies is a common technique for catching kokanee. During spawning season, anglers may also find success using brightly colored jigs or flies near river mouths.

Kokanee populations are carefully managed, with specific harvest limits in place to ensure sustainable fisheries.

Walleye

Walleye, prized for their tasty fillets, are found in many of Colorado’s warm-water reservoirs. These fish prefer deeper waters and are often caught using jigs, crankbaits, or live bait rigs.

Anglers targeting walleye should focus on areas with structure, such as underwater humps, drop-offs, or submerged timber. Low light conditions, particularly at dawn and dusk, can be productive times for walleye fishing.

Some Colorado reservoirs, like Chatfield and Cherry Creek, are known for their quality walleye fisheries.

Bass Varieties

Colorado offers fishing opportunities for several bass species, including largemouth, smallmouth, and spotted bass. These warm-water game fish are found in many reservoirs and some rivers across the state.

Largemouth bass prefer areas with cover, such as weed beds or submerged structures. Smallmouth bass are often found in cooler, rockier habitats. Spotted bass inhabit areas with characteristics similar to both largemouth and smallmouth habitats.

Popular bass fishing techniques include using topwater lures, soft plastics, and crankbaits. Many anglers practice catch-and-release to help maintain healthy bass populations.

Catfish Varieties

Channel catfish and flathead catfish are the primary catfish species found in Colorado’s waters. These bottom-dwelling fish are often targeted in warm-water environments like rivers and reservoirs.

Catfish anglers typically use bait such as worms, cut bait, or prepared stink baits. Night fishing can be particularly productive for catfish, as they tend to be more active after dark.

Some of the best catfish fishing can be found in the eastern plains reservoirs and along the South Platte River.

Northern Pike

Northern pike, known for their aggressive nature and sharp teeth, inhabit several Colorado reservoirs. These predatory fish can grow to impressive sizes and provide exciting fishing opportunities.

Anglers targeting northern pike often use large lures or live bait to mimic their preferred prey. Fishing near weed beds or other structures where pike ambush their prey can be effective.

Special regulations may apply to pike fishing in some waters, as they can impact native fish populations.

Other Species

Colorado’s waters host several other fish species that anglers may encounter. Bluegill and crappie provide fun panfishing opportunities in many warm-water lakes and ponds. These smaller fish are often caught using light tackle and small baits or lures.

Yellow perch, while not as widespread, can be found in some Colorado waters and are appreciated for their tasty fillets. Carp, though often considered a rough fish, can provide a challenging fight on appropriate tackle.

Anglers should consult the Colorado fishing regulations for specific rules and limits on these and other species, as they may vary by location and time

Fishing Regulations in Colorado

Colorado’s fishing regulations aim to preserve fish populations and ensure sustainable angling practices. Anglers must follow specific rules regarding licenses, catch limits, and approved fishing locations.

Fishing License Requirements

A valid Colorado fishing license is mandatory for anyone 16 years or older. Annual licenses are available, as well as 1-day and 5-day options for visitors. Residents aged 64 and older can purchase an annual senior fishing license at a discounted rate. Licenses can be obtained online, at Colorado Parks and Wildlife offices, or from authorized retailers.

Youth under 16 can fish without a license when accompanied by a licensed adult. However, they must adhere to the same bag and possession limits as licensed anglers.

Catch and Release Regulations

Many Colorado waters have specific catch and release regulations to protect fish populations. Anglers must use artificial flies and lures in these areas. Barbless hooks are often required to minimize harm to fish.

When practicing catch and release:

• Use wet hands or a rubberized net to handle fish
• Keep fish in the water as much as possible
• Remove hooks quickly and gently
• Revive exhausted fish before release

Some waters have slot limits, where fish of certain sizes must be released. Always check local regulations before fishing.

Legal Fishing Spots

Colorado offers numerous legal fishing spots, including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Popular locations include:

• Blue Mesa Reservoir
• South Platte River
• Arkansas River
• Eleven Mile Reservoir
• Spinney Mountain Reservoir

State Wildlife Areas (SWAs) provide additional fishing opportunities. Anglers must possess a valid hunting or fishing license to access SWAs.

Some waters have special regulations or seasonal closures. Always consult the Colorado Parks and Wildlife website or current fishing regulations brochure for up-to-date information on legal fishing spots and any specific rules for each location.

Fishing Techniques and Gear

Colorado’s diverse fishing opportunities require specific techniques and equipment. Anglers should familiarize themselves with fly fishing, ice fishing, and bait selection to maximize their success on the water.

Fly Fishing Essentials

Fly fishing is a popular technique in Colorado’s rivers and streams. A 9-foot 5-weight rod is versatile for most trout fishing situations. Pair it with a matching fly reel and weight-forward floating line.

Waders and boots are essential for accessing prime fishing spots. Choose breathable waders for comfort in various weather conditions.

Flies are crucial. Dry flies like Adams and Elk Hair Caddis imitate surface insects. Nymphs such as Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear mimic underwater larvae.

A selection of tippet sizes (3X to 6X) allows for different water conditions and fly sizes.

Ice Fishing Gear

Ice fishing requires specialized equipment for cold weather and frozen lakes. An ice auger is necessary for drilling holes. Hand augers work for thin ice, while power augers are efficient for thicker ice.

Portable shelters provide warmth and wind protection. Choose between flip-over or hub-style shelters based on mobility needs.

Short ice fishing rods (24-36 inches) offer sensitivity for detecting bites. Pair with small, sensitive reels spooled with 2-4 pound test line.

Tip-ups are useful for fishing multiple holes simultaneously. They flag when a fish takes the bait.

Safety gear is crucial. Ice picks, a spud bar, and a flotation device are essential for safe ice fishing.

Bait and Lure Selection

Bait selection varies depending on target species and fishing conditions. Live bait like worms, minnows, and crickets are effective for many fish species.

Artificial lures offer versatility. Spinners and spoons work well for trout in moving water. Soft plastic baits imitate small fish or worms.

Jigs are versatile for both open water and ice fishing. Pair with live bait or soft plastics for added effectiveness.

Fly patterns should match local insect hatches. Mayfly, caddis, and stonefly imitations are staples in Colorado waters.

Consider scented baits for added attraction, especially in murky water or when fish are less active.

Best Fishing Locations in Colorado

Colorado offers diverse fishing opportunities across its varied landscapes. From pristine mountain streams to expansive reservoirs, anglers can find excellent spots to cast their lines and reel in a variety of fish species.

Rivers and Creeks

Colorado’s rivers and creeks provide some of the best fishing experiences in the state. The Arkansas River is renowned for its brown trout population. Anglers can find prime spots along its 152-mile stretch of Gold Medal waters.

The Colorado River offers excellent fishing for rainbow and brown trout. Its tributaries, like the Roaring Fork and Eagle rivers, are also popular among fly fishers.

The Gunnison River is known for its large trout and scenic canyons. Anglers can access prime fishing areas in Black Canyon National Park.

The South Platte River, easily accessible from Denver, offers year-round fishing opportunities. Its Dream Stream section is particularly popular for trophy trout.

Lakes and Reservoirs

Colorado’s lakes and reservoirs provide ample opportunities for both shore and boat fishing. Spinney Mountain Reservoir is a favorite among anglers seeking large trout and northern pike.

Blue Mesa Reservoir, the largest body of water in Colorado, is home to lake trout, brown trout, and kokanee salmon. Its size offers diverse fishing experiences throughout the year.

Eleven Mile Reservoir is known for its trophy-size trout and northern pike. The reservoir’s 23 miles of shoreline provide numerous access points for anglers.

Horsetooth Reservoir, near Fort Collins, is a popular spot for smallmouth bass fishing. It also holds walleye, trout, and panfish.

Gold Medal Waters

Colorado’s Gold Medal waters are designated for their outstanding trout fishing opportunities. These waters must consistently produce a minimum of 60 pounds of trout per acre and at least twelve 14-inch or larger trout per acre.

The Fryingpan River, below Ruedi Reservoir, is a prime Gold Medal water. It’s known for its large rainbow and brown trout.

A 20-mile stretch of the South Platte River between Spinney Mountain and Eleven Mile reservoirs is designated as Gold Medal water. This section, known as the Dream Stream, is famous for its large trout.

The Roaring Fork River offers 42 miles of Gold Medal water. It’s particularly noted for its excellent dry fly fishing.

Urban Fishing Spots

Colorado’s cities offer convenient fishing opportunities for urban anglers. The South Platte River runs through Denver, providing easy access to trout fishing within city limits.

Boulder Creek, flowing through the heart of Boulder, is stocked with rainbow trout and offers a unique urban fishing experience.

Pueblo Reservoir, near the city of Pueblo, is known for its walleye, bass, and catfish. It provides both shore and boat fishing opportunities close to urban areas.

Aurora Reservoir, just outside Denver, is stocked with a variety of fish species. It’s a popular spot for trout fishing and also holds walleye and bass.

Planning Your Fishing Trip

Proper planning is essential for a successful fishing trip in Colorado. Consider seasonal factors, lodging options, and local expertise to maximize your chances of landing the perfect catch.

Seasonal Fishing Considerations

Spring offers excellent fly-fishing opportunities as rivers swell with snowmelt. Mayfly and caddis hatches are abundant, making it ideal for dry flies and nymphs. Focus on mornings and evenings when insect activity peaks.

Summer brings warmer waters and active fish. Early mornings and late evenings are prime fishing times. Be prepared for afternoon thunderstorms in mountain areas.

Fall sees fewer crowds and cooler temperatures. Many species become more active as they prepare for winter. This is an excellent time for both fly-fishing and spin casting.

Winter offers unique ice fishing experiences on frozen lakes. Proper safety gear and knowledge of ice conditions are crucial.

Accommodation and Access

Colorado offers diverse lodging options near popular fishing spots. Campgrounds provide an immersive outdoor experience, while lodges and cabins offer more comfort.

Many fishing areas require hiking to access remote spots. Pack appropriate gear and footwear for traversing rugged terrain.

Some locations may have limited parking or require permits. Research access points and regulations beforehand to avoid disappointment.

Consider staying in nearby towns for easier access to supplies and amenities. Popular fishing destinations often have well-developed tourism infrastructure.

Local Fishing Guides

Hiring a local guide can greatly enhance your fishing experience. Guides possess in-depth knowledge of the best spots, effective techniques, and current conditions.

Many guides offer both half-day and full-day trips. They typically provide necessary equipment and can cater to various skill levels.

Guides can help navigate complex fishing regulations and obtain required permits. They often share valuable tips and tricks specific to Colorado waters.

Book guides well in advance, especially during peak seasons. Prices vary but generally range from $300 to $500 for a full-day trip.