Coho salmon, also known as silver salmon, offer anglers an exciting fishing experience and a delicious meal. These anadromous fish migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn, providing opportunities for both saltwater and river fishing. Anglers can catch coho salmon using various methods, including trolling with downriggers and flashers in saltwater or targeting them as they swim upstream in rivers during spawning season.

Fishing techniques for coho salmon vary depending on the location and conditions. In saltwater, trolling with herring or artificial lures like spoons is effective. River anglers may use different tactics based on the section of the river they’re fishing, as coho behavior can change throughout their upstream journey. Popular river fishing methods include casting lures, fly fishing, or drifting bait.

Once caught, coho salmon provide a tasty and nutritious meal. Their rich, orange-red flesh is highly prized for its flavor and versatility in cooking. Grilled, smoked, or baked, coho salmon offers a healthy protein option packed with omega-3 fatty acids. With proper fishing techniques and preparation, anglers can enjoy both the thrill of the catch and a satisfying meal from these popular Pacific salmon.

Understanding Coho Salmon

Coho salmon, also known as silver salmon, are fascinating anadromous fish with a complex lifecycle. These fish exhibit unique behaviors and adaptations as they transition between freshwater and marine environments.

Biology and Lifecycle

Coho salmon begin their lives in freshwater streams. Eggs hatch in spring, and juveniles spend 1-3 years in rivers or up to 5 years in lakes. During this time, they develop distinctive parr marks on their sides.

As smolts, coho undergo physiological changes to adapt to saltwater. They migrate to the ocean, where they spend 1-2 years feeding and growing rapidly. Adult coho reach lengths of 24-30 inches and weights of 8-12 pounds.

Mature coho return to their natal streams to spawn between July and October. Females dig nests called redds in gravel beds. After spawning, both males and females die, completing their lifecycle.

Habitats and Distribution

Coho salmon are found in the North Pacific Ocean and surrounding coastal waters. Their range extends from California to Alaska in North America, and across to Russia and Japan in Asia.

In freshwater, juvenile coho prefer cool, clear streams with gravel bottoms and plenty of cover. They seek out slow-moving areas like side channels and pools.

Adult coho in the ocean are typically found in coastal waters. During spawning migrations, they navigate through estuaries and upstream into rivers and creeks.

Feeding Habits

Juvenile coho in freshwater primarily eat aquatic insects, small fish, and zooplankton. They are opportunistic feeders, adapting their diet based on available food sources.

In the ocean, adult coho become more piscivorous. Their diet consists mainly of:

• Small fish (herring, anchovies, sardines)
• Squid
• Shrimp and other crustaceans

Coho are known for their aggressive feeding behavior, making them popular targets for anglers. They often chase bait fish near the surface, creating visible disturbances in the water.

Fishing Techniques

Coho salmon can be caught using a variety of effective methods. Each technique requires specific gear and skills to maximize success on the water.

Trolling for Coho

Trolling is a popular and productive method for catching coho salmon. Use downriggers to present lures at the desired depth. Flashers or dodgers ahead of spoons or hoochies attract attention.

Vary trolling speeds between 1.5 to 3 mph. Experiment with different depths and lure colors. Silver, green, and blue hues often work well.

Cover large areas efficiently by trolling. This technique shines in open water when fish are scattered. Keep rods in rod holders and watch for strikes.

Fly Fishing Tactics

Fly fishing for coho requires finesse and the right presentation. Use 7 to 9 weight rods with floating or sinking tip lines. Choose flies that imitate baitfish or eggs.

Streamer patterns like Clouser Minnows and Deceiver flies are effective. Egg patterns work well in rivers during the spawning run.

Cast across and slightly upstream, allowing the fly to swing naturally. Strip the line in short, erratic bursts to trigger strikes. Be prepared for aggressive takes when a coho hits.

Drift Fishing Strategies

Drift fishing excels in rivers and streams where coho congregate. Use a longer rod, 9 to 11 feet, for better line control. Attach a float to suspend bait or lures at the right depth.

Roe bags, single eggs, or yarn flies are top bait choices. Let the current carry your offering through likely holding areas.

Maintain a natural drift speed matching the current. Adjust the float depth to keep your bait near the bottom where coho often hold.

Jigging Methods

Jigging can be deadly effective for coho, especially in estuaries and near river mouths. Use a medium-action rod and reel spooled with 10-15 lb test line.

Choose jigs in the 1/4 to 1/2 oz range. Pink, chartreuse, and white are popular colors. Tip jigs with a small piece of bait for added attraction.

Drop the jig to the bottom, then lift and lower the rod tip in short, sharp motions. Vary your jigging cadence to find what triggers strikes on any given day.

Still Fishing Approaches

Still fishing is a patient but rewarding technique for coho. Use a sturdy rod holder to keep your bait in the strike zone.

Rig a slip sinker above a swivel, with a 2-3 foot leader to a baited hook. Salmon eggs, sand shrimp, or cut herring make excellent bait choices.

Cast out and let your bait settle near the bottom. Keep a slight bend in the rod tip to detect subtle bites. Reel in slowly when you feel a take to set the hook.

Casting Techniques

Casting lures or spinners is an active and exciting way to target coho. Use a medium-action spinning rod with 8-12 lb test line.

Spoons, spinners, and plugs all work well. Cast across and slightly upstream, retrieving with a steady or erratic retrieve.

Vary your retrieval speed and pauses to entice strikes. Focus on current seams, eddies, and structure where coho may hold. Be ready for sudden, aggressive hits as you work your lure through likely holding areas.

Tackle and Gear Selection

Selecting the right tackle and gear is crucial for successfully catching coho salmon. The proper equipment enhances your fishing experience and increases your chances of landing these prized fish.

Choosing the Right Rod

For coho salmon fishing, medium to medium-heavy rods in the 8 to 10-foot range work well. Fast action rods are ideal, as they provide the sensitivity needed to detect subtle bites and the backbone to fight larger fish. When fishing in rivers, a 9-foot rod offers versatility for various techniques.

Graphite rods are popular due to their lightweight nature and sensitivity. Some anglers prefer composite rods, which blend graphite and fiberglass for durability and flexibility.

Consider the fishing location when selecting rod length. Shorter rods (7-8 feet) are better for bank fishing or in tight spaces, while longer rods (9-10 feet) excel for boat fishing and longer casts.

Selecting Reels

Spinning reels and baitcasting reels are both suitable for coho salmon fishing. Spinning reels are easier to use and less prone to backlash, making them a good choice for beginners. Baitcasting reels offer more precise control and higher line capacity.

Key features to look for in a reel include:

• Smooth drag system
• Corrosion-resistant materials
• Line capacity of at least 150 yards of 10-12 lb test line
• Gear ratio between 5.2:1 and 6.2:1

Size 2500 to 4000 spinning reels or 200-300 size baitcasting reels are appropriate for most coho salmon fishing situations.

Line and Leader Essentials

Monofilament and braided lines are both popular choices for coho salmon fishing. Monofilament offers stretch and forgiveness, while braided line provides superior sensitivity and strength.

For main line, 10-15 lb test is typically sufficient. When using braided main line, a fluorocarbon leader is essential. Leader strength should be 8-12 lb test, with lengths ranging from 24 to 48 inches.

Fluorocarbon leaders are nearly invisible underwater and offer abrasion resistance. This is particularly important when fishing in clear water or around structure.

Understanding Hooks and Treble Hooks

Hook selection depends on the fishing method and bait or lure used. For bait fishing, single hooks in sizes 1/0 to 3/0 are common. When using artificial lures, treble hooks are often pre-installed.

Key considerations for hooks:

• Sharpness: Always use sharp hooks for better hook-sets
• Strength: Choose hooks that can withstand the fight of a large coho
• Gap size: Ensure the hook gap is appropriate for the bait size

Treble hooks are effective for lures but can cause more damage to fish. Some anglers prefer to replace treble hooks with single hooks for catch-and-release fishing.

Circle hooks are gaining popularity for their ability to hook fish in the corner of the mouth, reducing deep-hooking and improving survival rates for released fish.

Lures and Bait

Selecting the right lures and bait is crucial for successful coho salmon fishing. Anglers have a variety of options, from artificial lures to natural baits, each with its own advantages.

Popular Lures for Coho

Spoon lures are highly effective for coho salmon. Their flashy appearance and erratic movement mimic injured baitfish, attracting strikes. Silver and gold finishes work well in clear water, while brighter colors excel in murky conditions.

Spinners, like the Blue Fox Vibrax, are another top choice. These lures create vibration and flash, triggering the coho’s predatory instincts. Sizes 2 to 4 are ideal for river fishing.

Plugs, such as Flatfish or Kwikfish, are versatile lures that can be trolled or cast. Their wiggling action imitates small fish, enticing coho to bite.

Twitching jigs have gained popularity in recent years. These lures are effective when worked with a jerky retrieve, simulating injured prey.

Natural Baits and Their Use

Herring is a prime natural bait for coho salmon. It can be used whole or cut into chunks, depending on the fishing method. Fresh herring is best, but frozen works well too.

Salmon eggs or roe are highly attractive to coho. They can be fished alone or in clusters on a hook. Cured eggs last longer and release scent that draws fish in.

Sandshrimp and ghost shrimp are excellent choices in areas where they’re naturally present. These baits work well when drifted along the bottom or suspended under a float.

Artificial Baits and Attractants

Soft plastic baits, like imitation eggs or worms, are durable alternatives to natural baits. They come in various colors and can be scented to increase their effectiveness.

Flashers are not baits themselves but are used to attract coho when trolling. These rotating blades create flash and vibration, drawing fish to the trailing lure or bait.

Scented attractants, applied to lures or baits, can enhance their appeal. These come in various formulations designed to mimic natural prey or trigger feeding responses in coho salmon.

Buzz Bombs, a type of jig, are effective for casting and retrieving. Their unique shape creates a bubbling action that attracts coho, especially in coastal waters.

Best Locations and Environments

Coho salmon thrive in diverse aquatic habitats across North America. These fish adapt to both freshwater and saltwater environments during different stages of their life cycle.

Freshwater Hotspots

Rivers and streams in the Pacific Northwest offer prime coho fishing opportunities. Key locations include coastal streams in Washington, Oregon, and Northern California. The Columbia River and its tributaries host significant coho runs. In Alaska, the Kenai River and Copper River are renowned for their salmon populations.

Anglers often target eddies, deep pools, and areas near fallen trees where coho congregate. The Great Lakes region, particularly Michigan and Wisconsin, provides excellent coho fishing in tributaries flowing into Lakes Michigan and Superior.

Saltwater Coho Territories

Puget Sound in Washington state is a top saltwater destination for coho salmon. Anglers find success trolling near underwater structures like Possession Bar and Jeff Head.

The coastal waters of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska offer productive coho fishing grounds. Popular areas include the Inside Passage and the waters around Vancouver Island.

Bays and estuaries along the Pacific coast serve as transition zones for coho entering freshwater systems. These areas can be especially fruitful during late summer and early fall.

Identifying Productive Water Conditions

Water temperature plays a crucial role in coho behavior. Optimal temperatures range from 50°F to 60°F (10°C to 16°C).

Coho prefer well-oxygenated waters with moderate current. Look for areas with riffles or slight turbulence that introduce oxygen into the water.

Clarity is important for sight-feeding coho. In rivers, target slightly stained water that provides cover while still allowing fish to see lures or bait.

Tidal influences affect coho movement in estuaries and coastal streams. Incoming tides often trigger feeding activity and fish movement upstream.

Fishing Conditions and Timing

Successful coho salmon fishing depends on understanding key environmental factors and seasonal patterns. Timing your fishing trips to coincide with optimal conditions can significantly increase your chances of a good catch.

Understanding Run Timing

Coho salmon typically begin their river runs in late summer and continue through fall. Peak migration usually occurs between September and November. Early-run coho often enter rivers in August, while late-run fish may arrive as late as December.

River systems closer to the ocean tend to see earlier runs, while upstream areas experience later arrivals. Monitoring local fishing reports and speaking with experienced anglers can help pinpoint the best times for specific river systems.

Some rivers may have distinct early and late runs, offering extended fishing opportunities. Hatchery-raised coho often have more predictable run timing compared to wild populations.

Water Levels and Temperature

Ideal water conditions play a crucial role in coho salmon fishing success. Coho prefer water temperatures between 50-60°F (10-15°C). As rivers cool in fall, fishing typically improves.

Water levels significantly impact fishing:

• Low water: Coho become more concentrated but cautious
• High water: Fish move more freely but can be harder to locate
• Moderate flows: Often provide the best balance for fishing

Recent rainfall can trigger fresh runs of coho into rivers. After heavy rains, allow 1-2 days for water levels to stabilize before fishing.

Weather and Seasonal Patterns

Fall weather patterns greatly influence coho salmon behavior and fishing conditions. Cloudy days often yield better results than bright, sunny conditions. Coho tend to be more active during low-light periods like early morning and late afternoon.

Key seasonal factors:

• Barometric pressure changes can trigger fish movement
• Light rain can improve fishing by slightly raising water levels
• Strong winds can make fishing challenging, especially in coastal areas

As the season progresses, coho become more aggressive in their feeding behavior. This can lead to exciting fishing opportunities, particularly for anglers using artificial lures.

Cooler temperatures and shorter daylight hours in late fall often coincide with the peak of spawning activity. During this time, focus on holding areas where fish rest before continuing their upstream journey.

Regulations and Conservation

Fishing for coho salmon is subject to specific regulations and conservation efforts to protect populations. Anglers must obtain proper licenses and adhere to catch limits, while various practices aim to sustain healthy coho stocks for future generations.

Fishing Licenses and Limits

Anglers targeting coho salmon need valid fishing licenses from the appropriate state or provincial authorities. License requirements vary by location and may include additional endorsements for salmon fishing. Catch limits are strictly enforced to prevent overfishing. Daily bag limits typically range from 2-5 coho per angler, depending on the area and time of year. Size restrictions often apply, with minimum length requirements to ensure juveniles can reach spawning age. Some regions implement seasonal closures or catch-and-release only periods to protect spawning runs.

Conservation Practices

Conservation efforts focus on habitat restoration and population management. Hatchery programs supplement wild stocks in many areas, releasing juvenile coho to boost numbers. Anglers are encouraged to use barbless hooks and proper catch-and-release techniques when not keeping fish. This minimizes stress and injury, improving survival rates of released salmon. Habitat restoration projects aim to improve spawning grounds and rearing areas for young coho. These include removing barriers to migration, enhancing stream complexity, and reducing sedimentation. Commercial fishing quotas are closely monitored to prevent overexploitation of coho populations.

Preparing and Cooking Coho Salmon

Proper preparation and cooking techniques are essential for enjoying delicious coho salmon. From cleaning your catch to crafting flavorful dishes, attention to detail ensures a memorable meal.

Cleaning and Storing Your Catch

Start by rinsing the coho salmon under cold water. Remove scales by scraping against the grain with a knife. Make an incision along the belly and remove the innards.

Cut off the head and fins if desired. Fillet the salmon by slicing along the backbone, separating the meat from the bones.

Store fresh coho in the refrigerator for up to 2 days. For longer storage, wrap tightly in plastic and freeze for up to 6-8 months.

Thaw frozen salmon overnight in the refrigerator before cooking. Never refreeze previously thawed fish.

Culinary Tips

Coho salmon has a mild flavor and medium-firm texture, making it versatile for various cooking methods. Cook salmon for about 8 minutes per inch of thickness.

Remove from heat when the internal temperature reaches 140°F (60°C). Let rest for 5 minutes to finish cooking.

Enhance the flavor with simple seasonings like lemon, dill, or garlic. Avoid overpowering the delicate taste with heavy sauces.

Try different cooking methods:

• Grilling
• Baking
• Pan-searing
• Poaching

Recommended Recipes

1. Grilled Lemon-Herb Coho:

   • Brush fillets with olive oil
   • Season with lemon zest, fresh herbs, salt, and pepper
   • Grill for 4-5 minutes per side

2. Baked Maple-Glazed Coho:

   • Mix maple syrup, soy sauce, and ginger
   • Brush over salmon fillets
   • Bake at 400°F (200°C) for 12-15 minutes

3. Pan-Seared Coho with Garlic Butter:

   • Season fillets with salt and pepper
   • Sear in hot pan for 3-4 minutes per side
   • Add garlic and butter, basting for 1-2 minutes

These recipes highlight coho salmon’s natural flavors while adding complementary tastes. Experiment with different seasonings and techniques to find your favorite preparation method.